Relationship between facial attractiveness and pupil diameter in young adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2019.2.30033Palavras-chave:
diâmetro da pupila, atratividade facial, adultos jovens.Resumo
The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between pupil diameter and facial attractiveness. Participated in the study 60 young adults (30 men and 30 women) between 18 and 26 years of age (M = 20.65, SD = 2.20). Ten different unfamiliar neutral faces (five men and five women) were used as stimuli. The pupil diameter of each face was manipulated with pupil diameters of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mm (10 faces x 5 pupil diameters = 50stimuli). A two-step study was carried out with the same sample and the same sets of faces, seeking to understand the difference of responses between subjects of both sexes. In phase I, result indicated a significant difference in relation to the pupil diameter factor for both the men (ꭓ² = 21.93, p < .05) and the women (ꭓ² = 44.73, p < .05). In phase II, the results indicated significant differences in relation to the pupil size [F (1, 234) = 19.06, p < 0.05]. The post-hoc Tukey HSD test showed that both the men and the women differently judged the faces with a pupil diameter of 2 mm in relation to the faces with pupil diameters of 3, 4, 5 and 6 mm (p < .05). Also, a significant difference between the diameter of 5 mm in relation to the diameter of 3 mm (p < .05). In general, the results indicate that the pupil diameter is a structural component of the human face that plays an important role in the process of judging facial attractiveness.
***Relação entre a atratividade facial e diâmetro pupilar em adultos jovens***
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre o diâmetro da pupila e a atratividade facial. Participaram da pesquisa 60 jovens com idade entre 18 e 26 anos. Foram utilizadas dez faces de adultos jovens, manipulou-se o diâmetro de cada pupila com variações de 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 mm. Realizou-se um estudo em duas etapas: na fase I, o resultado indicou diferença significativa para o fator de diâmetro pupilar tanto para homens quanto para mulheres (p < 0,05). Na fase II, os resultados indicaram diferenças significativas em relação ao tamanho da pupila (p < 0,05). O teste post-hoc Tukey mostrou que tanto os homens quanto as mulheres avaliaram diferentemente as faces com diâmetro pupilar de 2 mm (p < 0,05). Em geral, os resultados indicam que o diâmetro da pupila é um componente da face humana que desempenha um importante função no processo de julgamento da atratividade facial.
Downloads
Referências
Amemiya, S. & Ohtomo, K. (2012). Effect of the observed pupil size on the amygdala of the beholders. SCAN, 7, 332-341. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsr013
Bombeke, K., Duthoo, W., Mueller, S. C., Hopf, J-M., & Boehler, C. N. (2015). Pupil size directly modulates the feedforward response in human primary visual cortex independently of attention, Neuroimage, 6, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.072
Brooks, V. & Hochberg, J. A. (1960). A psychophysical study of “cuteness”. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 11, 205. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1960.11.2.205
Bull, R. & Shead, G. (1979). Pupil dilation, sex of stimulus, and age and sex of observer, Percept Mot Skills, 49(1), 27-30. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1979.49.1.27
Caryl, P. G., Bean, J. E., Smallwood, E. B., Barron, J. C., Tully, L., & Allerhand, M. (2009). Women’s preference for male pupil-size: Effects of conception risk, sociosexuality and relationship status, Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 503-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.11.024
Demos, K. E., Kelley, S. L., Ryan, F. C., & Whalen, P. J. (2008). Human amygdala sensitivity to the pupil size of others. Cerebral Cortex, 4, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhn034
Gazzaniga, M. S., Ivry, R. B., & Mangun, G. K. (2006). Neurociência cognitiva: A biologia da mente (2ª ed.). Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Geangu, E., Hauf, P., Bhardwaj, R., & Bentz, W. (2011). Infant Pupil
Diameter Changes in Response to Others’ Positive and Negative Emotions, PLOSone, 6(11), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027132
Graur, S. & Siegle, G. (2013). Pupillary Motility: Bringing Neuroscience to the Psychiatry Clinic of the Future, Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 13(8), 365-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-013-0365-0
Hagerman, S., Woolard, Z., Anderson, K., Tatler, B. W., & Moore, F. R. (2017). Women’s self-rated attraction to male faces does not correspond with physiological arousal. Scientific Reports, 7(13564), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13812-3
Hess, E. H. (1965). Attitude and pupil size. Scientific American, 212, 46 54.
Hess, E. H. & Polt, J. M. (1960). Pupil size as related to interest value of visual stimuli. Science, 132, 349-350. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.132.3423.349
Hicks, R., Pellegrini, R., & Tomlinson, N. (1978). Attributions of female college students to male photographs as a function of attractiveness and pupil size. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 47, 1265-1266. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1978.47.3f.1265
Holand, A. B. (2002). Dicionário Aurélio Eletrônico da Língua Portuguesa (versão 3.0). São Paulo: Nova Fronteira.
Lick, D. J., Cortland, C. I., & Johnson, K. L. (2016). The pupils are the windows to sexuality: pupil dilation as a visual cue to others’ sexual interest, Evolution and Human Behavior, 37, 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.09.004
Omote, S. (1999). Componentes da atratividade física facial. Cadernos da F.F.C., Marília, 8(1), 87-107.
Partala, T., Jokiniemi, M., & Surakka, V. (2000). Pupillary Responses To Emotionally Provocative Stimuli. In Proceedings of the 2000 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, USA, 123-129. https://doi.org/10.1145/355017.355042
Perrett, D. I., May, K. A., & Yoshikawa, S. (1994). Facial shape and judgments of female attractiveness. Nature, 368, 239-242. https://doi.org/10.1038/368239a0
Rosenthal, N. E., Sack, D. A., & Gillin, J. C. (1984). Seasonal affective disorder. A description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 72-80. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790120076010
Stark, J. & Kwak, Y. (2013). Pupillary response to reward and loss: A comparison between adults and adolescents, Neuro Genesis Journal, 2(2), 25-29.
Terry, R. L. & Davis, J. S. (1976). Components of facial attractiveness. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 42, 918. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1976.42.3.918
Terry, R. L. & Brady, C. S. (1976). Effects of framed spectacles and contact lenses on self-rating of facial attractiveness. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 42, 789-790. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1976.42.3.789
Tombs, S. & Silverman, I. (2004). Pupillometry: A sexual selection approach, Evolution and Human Behavior, 25, 221-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004. 05.001
Watson, A. B. & Yellott, J. I. (2012). A unified formula for light-adapted pupil size. Journal of Vision, 12, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1167/12.10.12
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Direitos Autorais
A submissão de originais para a Psico implica na transferência, pelos autores, dos direitos de publicação. Os direitos autorais para os artigos publicados nesta revista são do autor, com direitos da revista sobre a primeira publicação. Os autores somente poderão utilizar os mesmos resultados em outras publicações indicando claramente a Psico como o meio da publicação original.
Licença Creative Commons
Exceto onde especificado diferentemente, aplicam-se à matéria publicada neste periódico os termos de uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional, que permite o uso irrestrito, a distribuição e a reprodução em qualquer meio desde que a publicação original seja corretamente citada.
