Privación ocupacional, salud mental y participación ocupacional de ancianos en distanciamiento fisico, durante la pandemia de covid-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/2357-9641.2025.1.47113Palabras clave:
Distanciamiento físico, Pandemia de Covid-19, Salud mental, Desempeño ocupacional, AncianoResumen
Objetivos: Describir las implicaciones del distanciamiento social en la salud mental de las personas mayores y su desempeño ocupacional y verificar situaciones de privación ocupacional y compromiso ocupacional durante el distanciamiento social, en la pandemia de Covid-19. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, con personas mayores de 60 años y más, de ambos sexos y pertenecientes a grupos sociales. Se realizó una entrevista vía llamada telefónica, utilizando un cuestionario elaborado para esta investigación. El instrumento Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente-4 también se utilizó para detectar síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 55 participantes, el 97,27% refirió sufrir privación ocupacional, el 32,7% refirió cambios en el desempeño ocupacional y el 32,7% logró dedicarse a nuevas ocupaciones. El 10,9% presentó indicadores de síntomas depresivos, el 16,4% de síntomas de ansiedad y el 5,4% de ambas condiciones. La variable depresión se asoció con las variables distanciamiento social y cambios en el desempeño ocupacional. La ansiedad, por otro lado, mostró una
asociación significativa con la variable cambios en el desempeño ocupacional. Las personas mayores que se dedicaban a nuevas ocupaciones tenían tasas más bajas de síntomas relacionados con la salud mental (27,7%). Conclusiones: En este estudio, se observó la ocurrencia de situaciones de privación ocupacional y que pocos participantes lograron ejercer nuevas ocupaciones durante el período. Esto denota la dificultad que tienen los individuos para descubrir nuevas ocupaciones a las que dedicarse. Los nuevos compromisos ocupacionales pueden aportar beneficios para la salud y minimizar las enfermedades mentales y los terapeutas ocupacionales pueden ayudar en este proceso, durante situaciones de privación ocupacional.
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Derechos de autor 2025 PAJAR - Pan-American Journal of Aging Research
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