Supporting victims of sexual violence: a literature review on police officers’ specialized training

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2020.1.32435

Keywords:

police, literature review, training, sexual violence, victims

Abstract

Assuming that police officers play a key role in cases of sexual violence against women, this study aimed to explore the existence of standardized, evidence-based, practical guidelines and techniques for interviewing and helping victims of sexual violence, as well as its effectiveness. Using a Systematic Review of Literature, papers published between 2009 e 2019 were searched in four different databases: PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Periódicos Eletrônicos de Psicologia (PePSIC) and CAPES Databank. The employed descriptors were: “police training” AND (rape OR “sexual violence”). Out of 1.566 studies, only four met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results show a lack of materials produced on the subject, especially in Brazil, and alert to need for a dialogue between academics and practitioners. Limitations and future directions are presented and discussed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Arielle Sagrillo Scarpati, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS

Doutorado em Psicologia Forense.

Silvia Helena Koller, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS

Doutorado e Pós-Doutorado em Psicologia.

References

Ask, K. (2010). A survey of police officers’ and prosecutors’ beliefs about crime victim behaviors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(6), 1132-1149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260509340535

Bacon, L. (2015). Liberia’s Gender-Sensitive Police Reform: Improving Representation and Responsiveness in a Post-Conflict Setting. International Peacekeeping, 22(4), 372–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2015.1059285

Balbueno, B. (2011) Investigação sobre atendimento psicossocial oferecido em delegacias de defesa da mulher. Psicólogo inFormação, 15(15), 69-82. https://doi.org/10.15603/2176-0969/pi.v15n15p69-82

Brasil (2005). Prevenção e tratamento dos agravos resultantes da violência sexual contra mulheres e adolescentes: norma técnica. 2. ed. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Políticas de Saúde. Departamento de Gestão de Políticas Estratégicas. Área Técnica Saúde da Mulher.

Brasil (2011). Política Nacional de Enfrentamento à Violência contra as Mulheres. Brasília, DF.

Brown, J. (2011) We mind and we care but have things changed? Assessment of progress in the reporting, investigating and prosecution of allegations of rape. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 17(3), 263-272. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2011.613280

Bueno, S., Lima, R. S. de, Pinheiro, M., Astolfi, R., Santos, T. & Hanashiro, O. (2016). A Polícia precisa falar sobre estupro: percepção sobre violência sexual e atendimento a mulheres vítimas de estupro nas instituições policiais. Fórum Brasileiro de Segurança

Pública. 24pp.

Campbell, R. (2005). What really happened? A validation study of rape survivors’ help-seeking experiences with the legal and medical systems. Violence and Victims, 20, 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2005.20.1.55

Campbell, R., Adams, A. E., Wasco, S. M., Ahrens, C. E. & Sefl, T. (2009). Training interviewers for research on sexual violence: a qualitative study of rape survivors’ recommendations for interview practice. Violence Against Women, 15(5), 595-617.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801208331248

Cerqueira, D., & Coelho, D. S. C. (2014). Estupro no Brasil: Uma radiografia segundo os dados da saúde (versão preliminar). Nota técnica, n.11, IPEA.

Darwinkel, E., Powell, M. & Tidmarsh, P. (2013) Improving police officers’ perceptions of sexual offending through intensive training. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 40(8), 895-908 (**)

https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854813475348

Faúndes, A., Rosas, C. F., Bedone, A. J., & Orozco, L. T. (2006). Violência sexual: Procedimentos indicados e seus resultados no atendimento de urgência de mulheres vítimas de estupro. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 28, 126-135.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-72032006000200009

Foscarini, L. T. (2010). As misérias do inquérito policial: a produção da investigação criminal na cidade de Porto Alegre – RS. Dissertação de Mestrado. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Criminais, PUCRS. Porto Alegre.

Holland, K. J., Rabelo, V. C., & Cortina, L. M. (2014). Sexual Assault Training in the Military: Evaluating Efforts to End the “Invisible War.” American Journal of Community Psychology, 54(3-4), 289–303 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-014-9672-0

Lonsway, K. A., Welch, S., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (2001). Police training in sexual assault response: Process, outcomes, and elements of change. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 28, 695-730.

https://doi.org/10.1177/009385480102800602

McMillan, L. (2015) The role of the specially trained officer in rape and sexual offence cases. Policing and Society, 25(6), 622-640, https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2014.912648

Ministério da Saúde (2012). Prevenção e Tratamento dos Agravos Resultantes da Violência Sexual contra Mulheres e Adolescentes: Norma Técnica; 126pp.

Murphy, A. & Hine, B. (2018) Investigating the demographic and attitudinal predictors of rape myth acceptance in U.K. Police officers: developing an evidence-base for training and professional development. Psychology, Crime & Law, 1-21.(**)

https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2018.1503663

Oehme, K., Prost, S. G., & Saunders, D. G. (2016). Police Responses to Cases of Officer-Involved Domestic Violence: The Effects of a Brief Web-Based Training. Policing, 10(4), 391–407. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paw039

Page, A. D. (2010). True colors: Police officers and rape myth acceptance. Feminst Criminology, 5, 315-334. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085110384108

Pasinato, W. (2012) Acesso à justiça e violência contra a mulher em Belo Horizonte. São Paulo: Annablume, 232 p.

Patterson, G. T. (2004). Evaluating the effects of child abuse training on the attitudes, knowledge, and skills of police recruits. Research on Social Work Practice, 14, 273-280.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731503262390

Porter, R. (1992). Estupro – Será que ele tem um significado histórico? In: S. Tomaselli., & R. Porter (Eds.), Estupro (pp. 207-227). Rio de Janeiro, RJ.

Powell, M. B. & Cauchi, R. (2011) Victims’ perceptions of a new model of sexual assault investigation adopted by Victoria Police. Police Practice and Research, 14(3), 228-241 https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2011.641376

Powell, M. B. (2008). Designing Effective Training Programs for Investigative Interviewers of Children. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 20(2), 189-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2008.12035804

Resende T. C., Urzedo, R. F., Oliveira, D. M., Segundo, E. M. De O., & Jorge, M. T. (2011). Aspectos Referentes às Vítimas de Estupro Segundo Processos-Crime em Uberlândia-MG. Revista Fato & Versões, 5, 43-69.

Rich, K. & Seffrin, P. (2013). Police officers’ collaboration with rape victim advocates: barriers and facilitators, Violence and Victims, 28(4):681-96. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-12-00044 ·

Scarpati, A. S. (2013). Os Mitos de Estupro e a (Im) Parcialidade Jurídica: A Percepção de Estudantes de Direito Sobre Mulheres Vítimas de Violência Sexual. Dissertação de Mestrado. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia. Universidade Federal do Espírito

Santo.

Scarpati, A. S., & Pina, A. (2017). On national and cultural boundaries: A cross-cultural approach to sexual violence perpetration in Brazil and the United Kingdom. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2017.1351265

Scarpati, A. S.; Guerra, V. M. & Bonfim-Duarte, C. N. (2014). Adaptaçāo da Escala de Aceitaçāo dos Mitos de Estupro: Evidências de validade para estudantes de Direito. Avaliaçāo Psicológica (online), 13, 57-65.

Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Paraná (2015). Protocolo para o atendimento às pessoas em situação de violência sexual / SAS. Curitiba: Superintendência de Atenção à Saúde, 17pp.

Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Paraná (2018). Protocolo para o atendimento às pessoas em situação de violência sexual / SAS. Curitiba: Superintendência de Atenção à Saúde, 2ed, 223pp.

Senado Federal (2018). Observatório da Mulher Contra a Violência. Panorama da violência contra as mulheres no Brasil indicadores Nacionais e estaduais. Brasília, 2ed, 39pp.

Silva, B. C. da (2017). O atendimento das mulheres vítimas de violência sexual pela segurança pública no Distrito Federal e a percepção dos profissionais da área sobre esse atendimento. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de Brasília.

Sleath, E., & Bull, R. (2012). Comparing rape victim and perpetrator blaming in a police officer sample: Differences between police officers with and without special training. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39, 646-665. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854811434696

Souza, C. M., & Adesse, L. (2005). Violência sexual no Brasil: Perspectivas e desafios. Brasília: Secretaria Especial de Políticas para as Mulheres. Brasília, DF: Secretária Especial de Políticas para as Mulheres: Ipas, 186 p.

Taylor, S. C., & Gassner, L. (2010). Stemming the flow: challenges for policing adult sexual assault with regard to attrition rates and under-reporting of sexual offences. Police Practice and Research, 11(3), 240–255.

https://doi.org/10.1080/15614260902830153

Temkin, J. (1999). Reporting a rape in London: A qualitative study. Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 38, 17–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2311.00114

Tidmarsh, P., Powell, P., & Darwinkel, E. (2012). “Whole story”: A new framework for conducting investigative interviews about sexual assault. Investigative Interviewing: Research and Practice, 4(2), 33-44.

UNICEF, UN Women, UNFPA, ILO & OSRSG/VAC. (2013). Breaking the silence on violence against indigenous girls, adolescents and young women: A call to action based on an overview of existing evidence from Africa, Asia Pacific and Latin America. New York:

UNICEF.

Venema, R. M. (2016). Making Judgements: How Blame Mediates the Influence of Rape Myth Acceptance in Police Response to Sexual Assault. Journal of Interpersonal Violence.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516662437

Venema, R. M. (2018). Police Officers’ Rape Myth Acceptance: Examining the Role of Officer Characteristics, Estimates of False Reporting, and Social Desirability Bias. Violence and Victim, 33, 176-200. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.33.1.176

Venema, R. M., Lorenz, K., & Sweda, N. (2019). A descriptive study of training and its perceived helpfulness among Illinois sexual assault investigators. Journal of Crime and Justice, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2019.1601585

Zoltowski, A. P. C., Costa, A. B., Teixeira, M. A. P., & Koller, S. H. (2014). Qualidade Metodológica das Revisões Sistemáticas em Periódicos de Psicologia Brasileiros. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 30, 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722014000100012

Published

2020-05-15

How to Cite

Scarpati, A. S., & Koller, S. H. (2020). Supporting victims of sexual violence: a literature review on police officers’ specialized training. Psico, 51(1), e32435. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2020.1.32435

Issue

Section

Revisão Sistemática