Los Maestros También Sufren de Soledad: Un Estudio de las Características Asociadas con la Soledad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2015.3.18265Palabras clave:
Características Profesionales, Maestros, Satisfacción del Maestro en su Trabajo, Soledad.Resumen
El estudio se proponía identificar las características demográficas y profesionales asociadas con la soledad, entre un grupo de maestros brasileños, y estimar hasta qué punto están asociadas la satisfacción en el trabajo y el sentido de soledad. Los participantes fueron 1,194 maestros brasileños. Utilizando la estrategia del modelo de bola de nieve, los participantes contestaron un cuestionario en línea. Se llevaron a cabo una serie de t-tests, ANOVA, y análisis corelacionados. Los resultados sugieren que los maestros que no se inter-relacionan, los que enseñan en escuelas privadas y los que enseñan en escuelas públicas, están más propensos a sentirse solos. Estos resultados indican también que cuanto más solos se sienten los maestros, menos satisfechos están en su trabajo.
Descargas
Citas
Akerlind, I., & Hornquist, J. O. (1992). Loneliness and alcohol abuse: A review of evidences of an interplay. Social Science & Medicine, 34(4), 405-414.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(92)90300-F
Bartels, M., Cacioppo, J. T., Hudziak, J. J., & Boomsma, D.I. (2008). Genetic and environmental contributions to stability in loneliness throughout childhood. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B, 147B, 385-391.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30608
Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Ciarocco, N. J., & Twenge, J. M. (2005). Social exclusion impairs self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(4), 589-604.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.589
Baumeister, R. F., Heatherton, T. F., & Tice, D. M. (1994). Losing control: How and why people fail at self-regulation. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Boomsma, D. I., Willemsen, G., Dolan, C. V., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2005). Genetic and environmental contributions to loneliness in adults: The Netherlands twin register study. Behavior Genetics, 35(6), 745-752.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10519-005-6040-8
Borys, S., & Perlman, D. (1985). Gender differences in loneliness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 11(1), 63-74.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167285111006
Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 447-454.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005
Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., Ernst, J. M., Burleson, M., Berntson, G. G., Nouriani, B., & Spiegel, D. (2006). Loneliness within a nomological net: An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 1054-1085.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2005.11.007
Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2010). Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study. Psychology and Aging, 25(2), 453-463.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0017216
Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 140-151.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.140
Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. New York, NY: Norton.
Duffy, R. D., & Lent, R. W. (2009). Test of a social cognitive model of work satisfaction in teachers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75, 212-223.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.06.001
Dussault, M., & Deaudelin, C. (2001). Loneliness and self-efficacy in education majors. Psychological Reports, 89, 285-289.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.89.2.285
Dussault, M., Fernet, C., Austin, S., & Leroux, M. (2009). Revisiting the factorial validity of the revised UCLA loneliness scale: A test of competing models in a sample of teachers. Psychological Reports, 105, 849-856.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/PR0.105.3.849-856
Erath, S. A., Flanagan, K. S., Bierman, K. L., & Tu, K. M. (2010). Friendships moderate psychosocial maladjustment in socially anxious early adolescents. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31(1), 15-26.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2009.05.005
Fontaine, R. G., Yang, C., Burks, V. S., Dodge, K. A., Price, J. M., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (2009). Loneliness as a partial mediator of the relation between low social preference in childhood and anxious/depressed symptoms in adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 21(2), 479-491.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409000261
Galanaki, E. P., & Vassilopoulou, H. D. (2007). Teachers and children's loneliness: A review of the literature and educational implications. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 22(4), 455-475.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03173466
Grov, C., Golub, S. A., Parsons, J. T., Brennan, M., & Karpiak, S. E. (2010). Loneliness and HIV-related stigma explain depression among older HIV-positive adults. AIDS Care, 22(5), 630-639.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120903280901
Hawkley, L. C., Burleson, M. H., Berntson, G. G., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2003). Loneliness in everyday life: Cardiovascular activity, psychosocial context, and health behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 105-120.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.1.105
Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218-227.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8
Hawkley, L. C., Thisted, R. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2009). Loneliness predicts reduced physical activity: Cross-sectional & longitudinal analyses. Health Psychology, 28(3), 354-363.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014400
Heinrich, L. M., & Gullone, E. (2006). The clinical significance of loneliness: A literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 695-718.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.04.002
Lent, R. W., & Brown, S. D. (2006). Integrating person and situation perspectives on work satisfaction: A social-cognitive view. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 26, 236-247.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2006.02.006
Lent, R. W., Nota, L., Soresi, S., Ginevra, M. C., Duffy, R. D., & Brown, S. D. (2011). Predicting the job and life satisfaction of Italian teachers: Test of a social cognitive model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79, 91-97.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.12.006
Lim, S., & Smith, J. (2008). The structural relationships of parenting style, creative personality, and loneliness. Creativity Research Journal, 20(4), 412-419.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400410802391868
Margalit, M. (2010). Lonely children and adolescents: Self-perceptions, social exclusion and hope. New York, NY: Springer.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6284-3
Margalit, M., Mioduser, D., Yagon, M. A., & Neuberger, S. (1997). Teachers' and peers' perceptions of children with learning disorders: Consistency and change. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 12(3), 225-238.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0885625970120305
Masi, C. M., Chen, H., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011). A meta-analysis of interventions to reduce loneliness. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(3), 219-266.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868310377394
McGuire, S., & Clifford, J. (2000). Genetic and environmental contributions to loneliness in children. Psychological Science, 11(6), 487-491.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00293
McManus, S. (2011). The impact of loneliness on sexual risk behaviors among African American women (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3482411)
Neto, F. (1989). Avaliação da solidão. Psicologia Clínica, 2, 65-79.
Neto, F., & Barros, J. (1992). Solidão nos professores. Revista Portuguesa de Pedagogia, 1, 1-17.
Nummela, O., Seppanen, M., & Uutela, A. (2011). The effect of loneliness and change in loneliness on self-rated health (SRH): A longitudinal study among aging people. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 53, 163-167.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2010.10.023
Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS. New York, NY: Open University Press.
Penninx, B., Tilburg, T., Kriegsman, D., Deeg. D., Boeke, A. J., & Eijk, J. (1997). Effects of social support and personal coping resources on mortality in older age: The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. American Journal of Epidemiology, 146(6), 510-519.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009305
Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2001). Influences on loneliness in older adults: A meta-analysis. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23(4), 245-266.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15324834BASP2304_2
Qualter, P., Brown, S. L., Munn, P., & Rotenberg, K. J. (2010). Childhood loneliness as a predictor of adolescent depressive symptoms: An 8-year longitudinal study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 19, 493-501.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-009-0059-y
Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA loneliness scale (version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20-40.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA loneliness scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472-480.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472
Seeman, T. (2000). Health promoting effects of friends and family on health outcomes in older adults. American Journal of Health Promotion, 14, 362-370.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-14.6.362
Segrin, C., & Domschke, T. (2011). Social support, loneliness, recuperative processes, and their direct and indirect effects on health. Health Communication, 26, 221-232.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2010.546771
Segrin, C., & Passalacqua, S. A. (2010). Functions of loneliness, social support, health behaviors, and stress in association with poor health. Health Communication, 25, 312-322.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410231003773334
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2011). Teacher job satisfaction and motivation to leave the teaching profession: Relations with school context, feeling of belonging, and emotional exhaustion. Teaching and Teaching Education, 27, 1029-1038.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2011.04.001
Sugisawa, H., Liang, J., & Liu, X. (1994). Social networks, social support, and mortality among older people in Japan. Journal of Gerontology, 49, S3-13.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.1.S3
Tait, M., Padgett, M. Y., & Baldwin, T. T. (1989). Job and life satisfaction: A reevaluation of the strength of the relationship and gender effects as a function of the date of the study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(3), 502-507.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.3.502
Wei, M., Russell, D. W., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005). Adult attachment, social self-efficacy, self-disclosure, loneliness, and subsequent depression for freshman college students: A longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(4), 602-614.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.4.602
Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de Autor
La sumisión de originales para la Psico implica la transferencia, por los autores, de los derechos de publicación. El copyright de los artículos de esta revista es el autor, junto con los derechos de la revista a la primera publicación. Los autores sólo podrán utilizar los mismos resultados en otras publicaciones indicando claramente a Psico como el medio de la publicación original.
Creative Commons License
Excepto donde especificado de modo diferente, se aplican a la materia publicada en este periódico los términos de una licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional, que permite el uso irrestricto, la distribución y la reproducción en cualquier medio siempre y cuando la publicación original sea correctamente citada.