Brazilian Jeitinho
Developing an Ipsative Measure Based on Daily Stories
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2023.1.38781Keywords:
Brazilian jeitinho, stories, forced-choice, ipsative measurementAbstract
This study aimed to develop an instrument to identify behavioural patterns, based on real everyday situations related to the Brazilian Jeitinho, which maps decision-making in different social contexts. Two studies were developed to explore the phenomenon. In study 1, the construction of an ipsative measurement scale (forced-choice) is described, composed of 11 daily stories about real situations and outcomes that require decision-making. In study 2, the instrument developed was tested in a sample of 480 participants. Confirmatory multidimensional scaling was carried and showed a two-dimensional model with 2 polarized dimensions: (1) positive-negative orientation (assertive/trickster) and (2) passive-active disposition (negligent/creative). The operationalization of an ipsative measure demonstrated a functional option as an alternative to the Likert-type scale, enabling psychological measurement for inter-individual comparison. The study, therefore, provides a complementary empirical tool in a specific perspective for everyday behaviours from the perspective of the Brazilian Jeitinho.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Almeida, A. C. (2007). A cabeça do brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: Record.
Amado, G., & Brasil, H. V. (1991). Organizational behaviors and cultural context: the Brazilian “jeitinho”. International Studies of Management and Organization, 21(3), 38-61. http://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.1991.11656561
Barbosa, L. (2006). O jeitinho brasileiro: a arte de ser mais igual do que os outros. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier.
Barlach, L. (2013). O Jeitinho Brasileiro: traço da identidade nacional? Revista Gestão & Políticas Públicas, 3(2), 228-245. Recuperado de: http://www.revistas.usp.br/rgpp/article/view/98574
Baron, H. (1996). Strengths and limitations of ipsative measurement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69, 49-56. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00599.x
Borg, I., & Groenen, P. J. F. (2005). Modern multidimensional scaling: theory and applications (2a ed.). New York: Springer.
Brown, A., & Maydeu-Olivares, A. (2013). How IRT can solve problems of ipsative data in forced-choice questionnaires. Psychological Methods, 18(1), 36-52. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0030641
DaMatta, R. Carnavais, malandros e heróis. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara, 1990.
Duarte, F. (2006). Exploring the interpersonal transaction of the Brazilian jeitinho in bureaucratic contexts. Organization, 13(4), 509-527. http://doi.org/10.1177/1350508406065103
Duarte, F. (2011). The strategic role of charm, simpatia and jeitinho in Brazilian society: a qualitative study. Asian Journal of Latin American Studies, 24(3), 29-48. Recuperado de: http://www.ajlas.org/v2006/paper/2011vol24no302.pdf
Dunlap, W. P., & Cornwell, J. M. (1994). Factor analysis of ipsative measures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 29(1), 115-126. http://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2901_4
Fernandes, R. A., & Hanashiro, D. M. M. (2015). Explorando aspectos indígenas da gestão numa organização financeira: jeitinho e sociedade relacional. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 19(3), 328-347. http://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac20151922
Fernandes, D. M., Perallis, C. G., & Pezzato, F. A. (2015). Creativity, Brazilian “jeitinho,” and cultural practices: A behavioral analysis. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 15(1), 28-35. http://doi.org/10.1037/h0101067
Ferreira, M. C., Fischer, R., Porto, J. B., Pilati, R., & Milfont, T. L. (2012). Unraveling the mystery of Brazilian Jeitinho: a cultural exploration of social norms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(3), 331-344. http://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211427148
Fischer, R., Ferreira, M. C., Milfont, T., & Pilati, R. (2014). Culture of corruption? The effects of priming corruption images in a high corruption context. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(10), 1594-1605. http://doi.org/10.1177/0022022114548874
Flach, L. (2012). O jeitinho brasileiro: analisando suas características e influências nas práticas organizacionais. Gestão & Planejamento, 12(3), 499-514. Recuperado de: https://revistas.unifacs.br/index.php/rgb/article/view/1197/1852
Freire, D. A. L., Lopes, V. R., & Martins, R. M. (2018). É jeitinho, malandragem ou corrupção? A percepção dos atuais e futuros gestores da geração y sobre as condutas ilícitas cotidianas e organizacionais. Revista Expectativa, 17(1), 168-182. Recuperado de: http://e-revista.unioeste.br/index.php/expectativa/article/view/18774/13761
Gächter, S., & Schulz, J. F. (2016). Intrinsic honesty and the prevalence of rule violations across societies. Nature, 531(7595), 496-499. http://doi.org/10.1038/nature17160
Garrett, N., Lazzaro, S. C., Ariely, D., & Sharot, T. (2016). The brain adapts to dishonesty. Nature Neuroscience, 19(12), 1727-1732. http://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4426
Gino, F., & Ariely, D. (2012). The dark side of creativity: original thinkers can be more dishonest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(3), 445-459. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0026406
Gnoato, G. (2014). A lei do “jeitinho brasileiro”: um estudo longitudinal. Revista do Instituto do Direito Brasileiro (RIDB), 3(5), 3439-3461. Recuperado de: http://www.cidp.pt/revistas/ridb/2014/05/2014_05_03439_03461.pdf
Greer, T., & Dunlap, W. P. (1997). Analysis of variance with ipsative measures. Psychological Methods, 2(2), 200-207. http://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.2.2.200
Hofstede, G., Hilal, A. V. G. de, Malvezzi, S., Tanure, B., & Vinken, H. (2010). Comparing regional cultures within a country: lessons from Brazil. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 41(3), 336-352. http://doi.org/10.1177/0022022109359696
Hontangas, P. M., Leenen, I., De La Torre, J., Ponsoda, V., Morillo, D., & Abad, F. J. (2016). Traditional scores versus IRT estimates on forced-choice tests based on a dominance model. Psicothema, 28(1), 76-82. http://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2015.204
Leichsenring, I. M. F. (2014). A universidade corrupta: o jeitinho brasileiro de se fazer ciência. Revista Espaço Acadêmico, 13(152), 1-16. Recuperado de: http://www.periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/EspacoAcademico/article/view/22664
Lima, D. M. da C., Fraga, V. F., & Oliveira, F. B. de (2016). O paradoxo da reforma do Judiciário: embates entre a nova gestão pública e a cultura organizacional do jeitinho. Revista de Administração Pública, 50(6), 893-912. http://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7612152761
Lorenzo-Seva, U., & ten Berge, J. M. F. (2006). Tucker’s congruence coefficient as a meaningful index of factor similarity. Methodology, 2(2), 57-64. http://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.2.2.57
Meade, A. W. (2004). Psychometric problems and issues involved with creating and using ipsative measures for selection. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 531-552. http://doi.org/10.1348/0963179042596504
Miura, M. A., Pilati, R., Milfont, T. L., Ferreira, M. C., & Fischer, R. (2019). Between simpatia and malandragem: Brazilian jeitinho as an individual difference variable. PLoS One, 14(4), e0214929. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214929
Moraes, A. F. G. de, Gomes, D. C., & Helal, D. H. (2016). Brazilian jeitinho and culture: an analysis of the films Elite Squad 1 and 2. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 17(3), 84-104. http://doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712016/administracao.v17n3p84-104
Motta, F. C. P., & Alcadipani, R. (1999). Jeitinho brasileiro, controle social e competição. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 39(1), 6-12. http://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75901999000100002
Nishioka, S. A., & Akol, D. (2019). Jeitinho as a coping strategy used by Brazilian international students for acculturative stress. Journal of International Students, 9(3), 815-833. http://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v0i0.675
Pasquali, L. (2013). Psicometria: teoria dos testes na psicologia e na educação (5a ed.). Petrópolis, RJ: Editora Vozes.
Pedroso, J. P. P., Massukado-Nakatani, M. S., & Mussi, F. B. (2009). A relação entre o jeitinho Brasileiro e o perfil empreendedor: possíveis interfaces no contexto da atividade empreendedora no Brasil. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 10(4), 100-130. http://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-69712009000400006
Pereira, O. S. (2015). A negatividade fenomenológica do “jeitinho brasileiro” contida no ser corrupto dentro da administração pública. Clareira, 2(2), 145-162. Recuperado de: http://www.periodicos.unir.br/index.php/clareira/article/view/3607/2487
Pilati, R., Milfont, T. L., Ferreira, M. C., Porto, J., & Fischer, R. (2011). Brazilian jeitinho: Understanding and explaining an indigenous psychological construct. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 45(1), 29-38. Recuperado de: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-27873-004
Ramirez-Esparza, N., Gosling, S. D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2008). Paradox lost: unraveling the puzzle of simpatia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39(6), 703-715. http://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022022108323786
Souza, G. H. S., Coelho, J. A. P. de M., Lima, N. C., & Queiroz, J. V. (2014). Marketing informal: Um modelo de comercialização pautado em jeitinho brasileiro, informalidade e empreendedorismo. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 13(3), 63-77. http://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v13i3.2703
Velho, G. (2003). Desvio e divergência: uma crítica da patologia social (8a ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Ed.
Vieira, C. A., Costa, F. L., & Barbosa, L. O. (1982). O “jeitinho” brasileiro como um recurso de poder. Revista de Administração Pública, 16(2), 5-31. Recuperado de: http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/ojs/index.php/rap/article/view/11440/10392
Welter, G. M-R., & Capitao, C. G. (2007). Medidas ipsativas na avaliação psicológica. Avaliação Psicológica, 6(2), 157-165. Recuperado de: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/avp/v6n2/v6n2a06.pdf
Zimmermann, A. (2009). Law and society in Brazil: the prevailing perceptions of law in Brazilian society. International Journal of Private Law, 2(1), 15-30. http://doi.org/10.1504/IJPL.2009.021510
Amado, G., & Brasil, H. V. (1991). Organizational behaviors and cultural context: the Brazilian “jeitinho”. International Studies of Management and Organization, 21(3), 38-61. http://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.1991.11656561
Barbosa, L. (2006). O jeitinho brasileiro: a arte de ser mais igual do que os outros. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier.
Barlach, L. (2013). O Jeitinho Brasileiro: traço da identidade nacional? Revista Gestão & Políticas Públicas, 3(2), 228-245. Recuperado de: http://www.revistas.usp.br/rgpp/article/view/98574
Baron, H. (1996). Strengths and limitations of ipsative measurement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69, 49-56. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00599.x
Borg, I., & Groenen, P. J. F. (2005). Modern multidimensional scaling: theory and applications (2a ed.). New York: Springer.
Brown, A., & Maydeu-Olivares, A. (2013). How IRT can solve problems of ipsative data in forced-choice questionnaires. Psychological Methods, 18(1), 36-52. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0030641
DaMatta, R. Carnavais, malandros e heróis. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara, 1990.
Duarte, F. (2006). Exploring the interpersonal transaction of the Brazilian jeitinho in bureaucratic contexts. Organization, 13(4), 509-527. http://doi.org/10.1177/1350508406065103
Duarte, F. (2011). The strategic role of charm, simpatia and jeitinho in Brazilian society: a qualitative study. Asian Journal of Latin American Studies, 24(3), 29-48. Recuperado de: http://www.ajlas.org/v2006/paper/2011vol24no302.pdf
Dunlap, W. P., & Cornwell, J. M. (1994). Factor analysis of ipsative measures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 29(1), 115-126. http://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2901_4
Fernandes, R. A., & Hanashiro, D. M. M. (2015). Explorando aspectos indígenas da gestão numa organização financeira: jeitinho e sociedade relacional. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 19(3), 328-347. http://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac20151922
Fernandes, D. M., Perallis, C. G., & Pezzato, F. A. (2015). Creativity, Brazilian “jeitinho,” and cultural practices: A behavioral analysis. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 15(1), 28-35. http://doi.org/10.1037/h0101067
Ferreira, M. C., Fischer, R., Porto, J. B., Pilati, R., & Milfont, T. L. (2012). Unraveling the mystery of Brazilian Jeitinho: a cultural exploration of social norms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(3), 331-344. http://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211427148
Fischer, R., Ferreira, M. C., Milfont, T., & Pilati, R. (2014). Culture of corruption? The effects of priming corruption images in a high corruption context. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(10), 1594-1605. http://doi.org/10.1177/0022022114548874
Flach, L. (2012). O jeitinho brasileiro: analisando suas características e influências nas práticas organizacionais. Gestão & Planejamento, 12(3), 499-514. Recuperado de: https://revistas.unifacs.br/index.php/rgb/article/view/1197/1852
Freire, D. A. L., Lopes, V. R., & Martins, R. M. (2018). É jeitinho, malandragem ou corrupção? A percepção dos atuais e futuros gestores da geração y sobre as condutas ilícitas cotidianas e organizacionais. Revista Expectativa, 17(1), 168-182. Recuperado de: http://e-revista.unioeste.br/index.php/expectativa/article/view/18774/13761
Gächter, S., & Schulz, J. F. (2016). Intrinsic honesty and the prevalence of rule violations across societies. Nature, 531(7595), 496-499. http://doi.org/10.1038/nature17160
Garrett, N., Lazzaro, S. C., Ariely, D., & Sharot, T. (2016). The brain adapts to dishonesty. Nature Neuroscience, 19(12), 1727-1732. http://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4426
Gino, F., & Ariely, D. (2012). The dark side of creativity: original thinkers can be more dishonest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(3), 445-459. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0026406
Gnoato, G. (2014). A lei do “jeitinho brasileiro”: um estudo longitudinal. Revista do Instituto do Direito Brasileiro (RIDB), 3(5), 3439-3461. Recuperado de: http://www.cidp.pt/revistas/ridb/2014/05/2014_05_03439_03461.pdf
Greer, T., & Dunlap, W. P. (1997). Analysis of variance with ipsative measures. Psychological Methods, 2(2), 200-207. http://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.2.2.200
Hofstede, G., Hilal, A. V. G. de, Malvezzi, S., Tanure, B., & Vinken, H. (2010). Comparing regional cultures within a country: lessons from Brazil. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 41(3), 336-352. http://doi.org/10.1177/0022022109359696
Hontangas, P. M., Leenen, I., De La Torre, J., Ponsoda, V., Morillo, D., & Abad, F. J. (2016). Traditional scores versus IRT estimates on forced-choice tests based on a dominance model. Psicothema, 28(1), 76-82. http://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2015.204
Leichsenring, I. M. F. (2014). A universidade corrupta: o jeitinho brasileiro de se fazer ciência. Revista Espaço Acadêmico, 13(152), 1-16. Recuperado de: http://www.periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/EspacoAcademico/article/view/22664
Lima, D. M. da C., Fraga, V. F., & Oliveira, F. B. de (2016). O paradoxo da reforma do Judiciário: embates entre a nova gestão pública e a cultura organizacional do jeitinho. Revista de Administração Pública, 50(6), 893-912. http://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7612152761
Lorenzo-Seva, U., & ten Berge, J. M. F. (2006). Tucker’s congruence coefficient as a meaningful index of factor similarity. Methodology, 2(2), 57-64. http://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.2.2.57
Meade, A. W. (2004). Psychometric problems and issues involved with creating and using ipsative measures for selection. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 531-552. http://doi.org/10.1348/0963179042596504
Miura, M. A., Pilati, R., Milfont, T. L., Ferreira, M. C., & Fischer, R. (2019). Between simpatia and malandragem: Brazilian jeitinho as an individual difference variable. PLoS One, 14(4), e0214929. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214929
Moraes, A. F. G. de, Gomes, D. C., & Helal, D. H. (2016). Brazilian jeitinho and culture: an analysis of the films Elite Squad 1 and 2. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 17(3), 84-104. http://doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712016/administracao.v17n3p84-104
Motta, F. C. P., & Alcadipani, R. (1999). Jeitinho brasileiro, controle social e competição. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 39(1), 6-12. http://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75901999000100002
Nishioka, S. A., & Akol, D. (2019). Jeitinho as a coping strategy used by Brazilian international students for acculturative stress. Journal of International Students, 9(3), 815-833. http://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v0i0.675
Pasquali, L. (2013). Psicometria: teoria dos testes na psicologia e na educação (5a ed.). Petrópolis, RJ: Editora Vozes.
Pedroso, J. P. P., Massukado-Nakatani, M. S., & Mussi, F. B. (2009). A relação entre o jeitinho Brasileiro e o perfil empreendedor: possíveis interfaces no contexto da atividade empreendedora no Brasil. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 10(4), 100-130. http://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-69712009000400006
Pereira, O. S. (2015). A negatividade fenomenológica do “jeitinho brasileiro” contida no ser corrupto dentro da administração pública. Clareira, 2(2), 145-162. Recuperado de: http://www.periodicos.unir.br/index.php/clareira/article/view/3607/2487
Pilati, R., Milfont, T. L., Ferreira, M. C., Porto, J., & Fischer, R. (2011). Brazilian jeitinho: Understanding and explaining an indigenous psychological construct. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 45(1), 29-38. Recuperado de: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-27873-004
Ramirez-Esparza, N., Gosling, S. D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2008). Paradox lost: unraveling the puzzle of simpatia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39(6), 703-715. http://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022022108323786
Souza, G. H. S., Coelho, J. A. P. de M., Lima, N. C., & Queiroz, J. V. (2014). Marketing informal: Um modelo de comercialização pautado em jeitinho brasileiro, informalidade e empreendedorismo. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 13(3), 63-77. http://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v13i3.2703
Velho, G. (2003). Desvio e divergência: uma crítica da patologia social (8a ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Ed.
Vieira, C. A., Costa, F. L., & Barbosa, L. O. (1982). O “jeitinho” brasileiro como um recurso de poder. Revista de Administração Pública, 16(2), 5-31. Recuperado de: http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/ojs/index.php/rap/article/view/11440/10392
Welter, G. M-R., & Capitao, C. G. (2007). Medidas ipsativas na avaliação psicológica. Avaliação Psicológica, 6(2), 157-165. Recuperado de: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/avp/v6n2/v6n2a06.pdf
Zimmermann, A. (2009). Law and society in Brazil: the prevailing perceptions of law in Brazilian society. International Journal of Private Law, 2(1), 15-30. http://doi.org/10.1504/IJPL.2009.021510
Downloads
Published
2023-11-14
How to Cite
Silva de Souza, G. H., Lima Esteves, G. G., Peçanha de Miranda Coelho, J. A., & Lima, N. C. (2023). Brazilian Jeitinho: Developing an Ipsative Measure Based on Daily Stories. Psico, 54(1), e38781. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2023.1.38781
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Psico
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright
The submission of originals to Psico implies the transfer by the authors of the right for publication. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. If the authors wish to include the same data into another publication, they must cite Psico as the site of original publication.
Creative Commons License
Except where otherwise specified, material published in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which allows unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is correctly cited.
