Asesinatos en masa
Una investigación documental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2022.1.38921Palabras clave:
salud mental, psicología forense, acoso escolarResumen
Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la ocurrencia de asesinatos masivos en Brasil y las características de estos crímenes en la literatura internacional. Se realizó una investigación en línea basada en análisis temático sobre los asesinatos masivos ocurridos en Brasil, que datan de 1999 a 2019, con un total de 6 casos. Todos los casos fueron perpetrados por hombres, de entre 14 y 50 años, con características narcisistas, aislamiento y alienación social según la información obtenida en las noticias. Los textos consultados también sugieren que los trastornos mentales pueden predisponer a los delitos, así como al acoso escolar. También se constató que ninguna de las noticias mencionaba programas de prevención, habiendo solo enfatizado el crimen y la conmoción provocada. Se sugiere profundizar la investigación sobre el tema, notoriamente escaso en Brasil, para entender este fenómeno de acuerdo con la cultura del país, y poder actuar a nivel preventivo para evitar resultados similares en el territorio brasileño.
Descargas
Citas
Agnew, R., Brezina, T., Wright, J. P., & Cullin, F. T. (2002). Strain, personality traits, and delinquency: Extending general strain theory. Criminology, 40(1), 43-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00949.x
Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30(1), 47-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1992.tb01093.x
Agnich, L. (2015). A Comparative Analysis of Attempted and Completed School-Based Mass Murder Attacks. Am J Crim Just, 40, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-014-9239-5
Auxemery, Y. (2015). The mass murderer history: modern classifications, sociodemographic and psychopathological characteristics, suicidal dimensions, and media contagion of mass murders. Comprehensive psychiatry, 56, 149-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.09.003
Brasil. Lei n. 10.826/03 de 22 de dezembro de 2003. Dispõe sobre registro, posse e comercialização de armas de fogo e munição, sobre o Sistema Nacional de Armas – define crimes e dá outras providências. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/2003/l10.826.htm
Brasil. Lei n. 8069/90 de 13 de julho de 1990. Dispõe sobre o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e dá outras providências. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8069.htm
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Campos, H. (2016). Análise do perfil psicopático e previsão penal adequada em relação aos assassinos em série [Trabalho de conclusão de curso, Centro Universitário Antônio Eufrásio de Toledo de Presidente Prudente]. http://intertemas.toledoprudente.edu.br/index.php/Direito/article/view/5941/5648
Carretta, C., Burgess, A., & Welner, M. (2015). Gaps in Crisis Mental Health: Suicide and Homicide-suicide. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 29(5), 339-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2015.06.002
Costa, R. L., & França, G. S. (2020). Estatuto do desarmamento: O impacto sobre os homicídios por arma de fogo no Brasil. Revista Eletrônica de Ciências Jurídicas, 1(2).
Cullen, D. (2009). Columbine. Hachette Book Group.
Duwe G. (2005). A circle of distortion: the social construction of mass murder in the United States. Western Criminology Review, 6(1), 59-78.
Fernández, E., Callen, A., Johnson, S., Gaspar, C., Kulhanek, C., & Jose-Bueno, C. (2020). Prevalence, elicitors, and expression of anger in 21st century mass shootings. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 55(6), 101483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101483
Fridel, E. (2021). Integrating the Literature on Lethal Violence: A Comparison of Mass Murder, Homicide, and Homicide-Suicide. Homicide Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679211002889
Fox, J. A., & Fridel, E. E. (2016). The tenuous connections involving mass shootings, mental illness, and gun laws. Violence and Gender, 3, 14-19. https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2015.0054
Gill P, Silver J, Horgan J, & Corner E. (2017). Shooting Alone: The Pre-Attack Experiences and Behaviors of U.S. Solo Mass Murderers. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 62(3), 710–714. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13330
Hempel, A. G., Meloy, J. R., & Richards, T. C. (1999). Offender and offense characteristics of a nonrandom sample of mass murderers. The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 27(2), 213-225.
Hempel, A. G., Levine, R. E., Meloy, J. R., & Westermeyer, J. (2000). A cross-cultural review of sudden mass assault by a single individual in the oriental and occidental cultures. Journal of forensic sciences, 45(3), 582-588.
Katsavdakis, K. A., Meloy, J. R., & White, S. G. (2011). A female mass murder. Journal of forensic sciences, 56(3), 813-818. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01692.x
Kahn, T. (2002). Armas de fogo: argumentos para debate. Boletim Conjuntura Criminal.
Kim, C., Capellan, J. A., & Adler, A. (2021). Exploring the empirical literature on mass shooting: A mixed-method systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 58, 101584, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2021.101584
Knoll J. L., 4th (2012). Mass murder: causes, classification, and prevention. The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 35(4), 757-780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2012.08.001
Krouse, W. J., Richardson, D. J. (2015). Mass murder with firearms: Incidents and victims, 1999-2013. Congressional Research Service.
Lankford, A. (2013). Mass Shooters in the USA, 1966–2010: Differences Between Attackers Who Live and Die. Justice Quarterly. 32, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2013.806675
Lankford, A. (2016). Race and mass murder in the United States: A social and behavioral analysis. Current Sociology, 64(3), 470-490. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392115617227
Levin, J., & Wiest, J. B. (2018). Covering Mass Murder: An Experimental Examination of the Effect of News Focus—Killer, Victim, or Hero—on Reader Interest. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(2), 181-194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764218756916
Levin, J., & Madfis, E. (2009). Mass Murder at School and Cumulative Strain: A Sequential Model. American Behavioral Scientist, 52(9), 1227-1245. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764209332543
Meloy, J. R., Hempel, A. G., Gray, B. T., Mohandie, K., Shiva, A., & Richards, T. C. (2004). A comparative analysis of North American adolescent and adult mass murderers. Behavioral sciences & the law, 22(3), 291-309. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.586
Moreira, G. F. F. (2018). O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e os serial killers: Uma análise acerca da imputabilidade penal dos assassinos em série [Trabalho de conclusão de curso, Universidade Federal do Maranhão]. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2699
Morton, R. J. (2005). Serial murder: Multi-disciplinary perspectives for investigators. Behavioral Analysis Unit-2, National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime; Incident Response Group/Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Newman, K. S., Fox, C., Harding, D., Mehta, J., & Roth, W. (2004). Rampage: The social roots of school shootings. Basic Books.
Oliveira, M. M. (2007). Como fazer pesquisas qualitativas. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes.
Overberg, P., Hoyer, M., Hannan, M., Upton, J., Hansen, B., & Durkin, E. (2016). Explore the data on U.S. mass killings since 2006. USA TODAY. http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/09/16/mass-killings-data-map/2820423/
Reuter, P., & Mouzos, J. (2003). Australia; A massive buyback of low-risk guns. In J. Ludwig & P. Cook (Eds.), Evaluating gun policy: Effects on crime and violence (pp. 121-156). Brookings Institution.
Sarteschi, C. M. (2016). Severe Mental Illness, Somatic Delusions, and Attempted Mass Murder. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 61(1): 284-287. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12876
Simpson, O. (2020). Breaking the Mirror of the Spectacle: Mass Murder/Suicide as the Ecstasy of Simulated Experience. Critical Sociology, 46(7–8), 1109-1120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920519878481
Taylor, M. A. (2018). A Comprehensive Study of Mass Murder Precipitants and Motivations of Offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62(2), 427-449. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X16646805
Timm, J. D., & Aydin, N. (2020). Culturally independent risk factors of school and campus rampages: An analysis of international case studies of educational institution violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 55, 101514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101514.
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (2019). Behind the Numbers: Ending School Violence and Bullying. https://www.unicef.org/media/66496/file/Behind-the-Numbers.pdf
Vossekuil, B., Fein, R. A., Reddy, M., Borum, R., & Modzeleski, W. (2004). The final report and findings of the safe schoo linitiative: Implications for the prevention of school attacks in the United States. United States Secret Service and Department of Education.
Waiselfsz, J. J. (2016). Mapa da violência 2016 Homicídios por armas de fogo no Brasil. Flacso
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Psico
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de Autor
La sumisión de originales para la Psico implica la transferencia, por los autores, de los derechos de publicación. El copyright de los artículos de esta revista es el autor, junto con los derechos de la revista a la primera publicación. Los autores sólo podrán utilizar los mismos resultados en otras publicaciones indicando claramente a Psico como el medio de la publicación original.
Creative Commons License
Excepto donde especificado de modo diferente, se aplican a la materia publicada en este periódico los términos de una licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional, que permite el uso irrestricto, la distribución y la reproducción en cualquier medio siempre y cuando la publicación original sea correctamente citada.
