Asma, rinite e atopia em escolares de duas cidades ambientalmente distintas: metrópole industrializada e região agrícola

Márcio Junior Strassburger; Simone Zeni Strassburger; Cristian Roncada; Paulo Márcio Pitrez; Renato Tetelbom Stein

doi:10.15448/1980-6108.2019.4.34336

Authors

Márcio Junior Strassburger Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Curso de Fisioterapia. Ijuí, RS http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9411-3230
Simone Zeni Strassburger Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Curso de Fisioterapia. Ijuí, RS http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9655-8807
Cristian Roncada Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha, Faculdade de Educação Física. Caxias do Sul, RS http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-4911
Paulo Márcio Pitrez Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina. Porto Alegre, RS http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7319-1133
Renato Tetelbom Stein Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina. Porto Alegre, RS http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-0757

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2019.4.34336

Keywords:

Asthma, prevalence, child, rhinitis, allergy.

Abstract

AIM: To analyze the characteristics of asthma among students from metropolitan and agricultural regions.
METHODS: Students from both locations answered a questionnaire for epidemiological diagnosis of asthma and clinical characteristics of asthma, rhinitis and atopy according to ISAAC. They were also evaluated by the Asthma Control Test and measure of physical activity.
RESULTS: Among the 290 and 123 asthmatics evaluated in the metropolitan region and agricultural region, respectively, the prevalence of asthma was 20.4% and 19.2%. Asthmatics in the agricultural region had a higher frequency of rhinitis (87% vs. 48.8%, p < 0.001) and atopy (81.4% vs. 63.5%, p = 0.005) No difference was observed in disease control measures (51.9% vs. 47.2%, p = 0.378). The combination asthma with Rhinitis or atopy presented significant risk for disease control in schoolchildren in the agricultural region (OR: 2,300; 95% CI: 1,867-2,833).
CONCLUSION: There was no difference in asthma frequency and disease control among the students studied. However, the students of agricultural region have higher rates of rhinitis and atopy which negatively interfered with asthma control. These findings suggest that Asthma in populations with different environments have different clinical characteristics, which should be taken into account when defining prevention strategies and clinical management.

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