Avaliação dos níveis de alfabetismo em saúde, conhecimento em asma e qualidade de vida de pais associados ao controle da doença em crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de asma de centros especializados

Thiago de Araujo Cardoso; Mariele Cunha Ribeiro; Cristian Roncada; Paulo Márcio Condessa Pitrez

doi:10.15448/1980-6108.2021.1.38767

Authors

Thiago de Araujo Cardoso Centro Universitário Cenecista de Osório (UNICNEC), Curso de Educação Física, Osório, RS, Brasil. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-644X
Mariele Cunha Ribeiro Faculdades Integradas de Taquara (FACCAT), Curso de Enfermagem, Taquara, RS, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0595-1043
Cristian Roncada Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha (FSG), Curso de Educação Física, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-4911
Paulo Márcio Condessa Pitrez Hospital Moinhos de Ventos (HMV), Instituto de Educação e Pesquisa, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7319-1133

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2021.1.38767

Keywords:

asthma, knowledge, literacy, parents, quality of life

Abstract

Aims: to evaluate the level of knowledge in asthma, health literacy and quality of life of caregivers of children and adolescents diagnosed with the disease, as well as the association with asthma control, treatment adherence and quality of life.
Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted with caregivers and patients from two specialized referral centers in southern Brazil, between March 2018 and November 2018. Parents and caregivers of children and adolescents diagnosed with asthma, aged 18 years and older, participated in the study. The following questionnaires were applied: sociodemographic, Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese-Speaking Adults and Paediatric Asthma Caregiver’s Quality of Life Questionnaire. For statistical purposes, the t-test, chi-square and Binary Logistic Regression were used.
Results: a total of 125 caregivers were included, 89 (71.2%) mothers, with a mean age of 35.7±9.2 years, 65 (52%) with completed high school and 100 (80%) belonging to economy class C. Of the total, 74 (59.2%) inadequate levels of literacy in health and 117 (94.4%) inadequate levels of knowledge in asthma. Asthma was not controlled in 91 (72.8%) of the patients, being associated with a lower quality of life of them and their caregivers (p<0.001). Logistic Regression verified whether health literacy, asthma knowledge and caregivers’ quality of life were associated with asthma control of patients, and this model was significant [X2(4) = 22.083; p<0.001, R2Nagelkerke = 0.484]. The categorical variables used as reference were the ones with the highest frequency (uncontrolled asthma and inadequate knowledge). Health literacy (OR = 3,650; CI95% = 1.335 - 9.984) and quality of life (OR = 3.095; CI95% = 1.850 - 5.178) were also significant.
Conclusion: the analyzed population presented levels of literacy in health and knowledge in asthma unsatisfactory. Furthermore, the levels of disease control were low and may be associated with quality of life levels.

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Author Biographies

Thiago de Araujo Cardoso, Centro Universitário Cenecista de Osório (UNICNEC), Curso de Educação Física, Osório, RS, Brasil.

Doutor em Saúde da Criança pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), em Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; professor do Centro Universitário Cenecista de Osório (UNICNEC), em Osório, RS, Brasil.

Mariele Cunha Ribeiro, Faculdades Integradas de Taquara (FACCAT), Curso de Enfermagem, Taquara, RS, Brasil.

Mestra em Saúde da Criança pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), em Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; professora da Faculdades Integradas de Taquara (FACCAT), em Taquara, RS, Brasil.

Cristian Roncada, Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha (FSG), Curso de Educação Física, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brasil.

Doutor em Saúde da Criança pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), em Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; professor do Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha (FSG), em Caxias do Sul, RS, Brasil.

Paulo Márcio Condessa Pitrez, Hospital Moinhos de Ventos (HMV), Instituto de Educação e Pesquisa, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.

Doutor em Ciências Pneumológicas pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), em Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; coordenador Institucional de Pesquisa do Hospital Moinhos de Vento (HMV), em Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.

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