A Fé de Descartes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2025.1.46579Palavras-chave:
Fé, Metafilosofia, Religião, CeticismoResumo
Uma visão extremamente popular entre pessoas sem fé é que pessoas de fé não são oponentes filosóficos legítimos. Afinal, alguém assim o seria se e somente se essa pessoa respeitasse a condição forte ao: evitar apelo a emoções e a Escrituras, suspender o juízo ou procurar convencer outros sem se valer de proposições de fé e respeitar os parâmetros epistêmicos pirrônicos. O artigo problematiza essa condição; ele defende uma condição fraca segundo a qual alguém é um oponente filosófico legítimo se e somente se essa pessoa reconhece suas dificuldades de distinguir emoções e razões ao tomar uma proposição como verdadeira, possui consciência de algumas das suas proposições de fé e reconhece seus limites argumentativos. Ao criticar a condição forte e defender a fraca, o artigo aborda duas personas filosóficas: o Descartes sem Fé que defende mas desrespeita a condição forte; e o Descartes com Fé que ilustra uma pessoa de fé que satisfaz a condição fraca. Esse não é um artigo exegético acerca de Descartes. Logo, embora baseados nos seus trabalhos, as mencionadas personas não são exatamente idênticas à perspectiva do próprio Descartes.
Downloads
Referências
ALMOG, J. What am I? Descartes and the Mind-Body Problem. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/0195146468.001.0001
BISHOP, J. Can there be alternative concepts of God? Noûs, v. 32, n. 2, p. 174-188, June 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0029-4624.00095
BISHOP, J. Faith. In: ZALTA, E. N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclope2dia of Philosophy. [S. l.: s. n.], Winter 2016. Available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2016/entries/faith/. Access: February 25, 2025.
BUENO, O. Disagreeing with the Pyrrhonist. In: MACHUCA, D. Disagreement and Skepticism. New York: Routledge, 2013.
CARNAP, R. Empiricism, Semantics and Ontology. In: MEANING and Necessity: A Study of Semantics and Modal Logic. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1956. p. 205-221.
CARNAP, R. Scheinprobleme in der Philosophie und andere metaphysikkritische Schriften. Hamburg: Meiner Felix Verlag GmbH, 2004.
CARNAP, R. The Logical Structure of the World and Pseudoproblems in Philosophy. Illinois: Open Court, 2003.
CARRIERO, J. Between Two Worlds: A Reading of Descartes’s Meditations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400833191
CURLEY, E. The Cogito and the Foundations of Knowledge. In: GAUKROGER, S. The Blackwell Guide to Descartes’ Meditations. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006. p. 30-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470776476.ch3
DAWKINS, R. Viruses of the Mind. In: DAHLBOM, B. Dennett and his Critics. Malden, MA: Blackwell Press, 1993.
DENNETT, D. Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon. New York: Penguin Books, 2006.
DESCARTES, R. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes Vol. 1 and 2. Trans. J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff, and D. Murdoch. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511818998
DESCARTES, R. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes Vol. 3: The Correspondence. Trans. J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff, D. Murdoch and A. Kenny. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107340824
DESCARTES, R. CEuvres de Descartes Vol 1-12. Ed. C. Adam and P. Tannery. Paris: Vrin/CNRS, 1964-1976.
EMPIRICUS, S. Outlines of Skepticism. Ed. J. Annas and J. Barnes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
FRANK, M. The Philosophical Foundations of Early German Romanticism. Albany, New York: Suny, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/book4754
FRANKFURT, H. Demons, Dreamers, and Madmen: The Defense of Reason in Descartes’s Meditations. NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400828180
FREUD, S. Civilization and Its Discontents. New York: Indiebooks, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv19fvzzk.47
GAUKROGER, S. Descartes: An intellectual Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
GUEROULT, M. Descartes selon l'ordre des raisons, T. 1: L'Âme et Dieu et T. 2: L'Âme et le corps. Paris: Aubier-Montaigne, 1953.
HEBREWS 11:1. In: Bible (New Revised Standard Version, Updated Edition). National Council of Churches of Christ in the United States of America, 2021. Available: https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews%2011%3A1&version=NRSVUE. Access: February 25, 2025.
HEGEL, G. W. F. The Science of Logic. Ed. and trans. G. Di Giovanni. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
HINTIKKA, J. Cogito, Ergo Sum: Inference or Performance? The Philosophical Review, v. 71, n. 1, p. 3-32, Jan. 1962. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2183678
HUME, D. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199549900.001.0001
JOHN 8:1-11. In: Bible (New Revised Standard Version, Updated Edition). National Council of Churches of Christ in the United States of America, 2021. Available: https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%208%3A1%E2%80%9311&version=NRSVUE. Access: February 25, 2025.
KLEIN, P. Is Infinitism the Solution to the Epistemic Regress Problem? In: STEUP, M.; TURRI, J.; SOSA, E. Contemporary Debates in Epistemology. 2. ed. Malden MA: Willey-Blackwell, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394260744.ch11
LAERTIUS, D. Lives of Eminent Philosophers. Ed. J. Miller. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
LARMORE, C. Descartes and Skepticism. In: GAUKROGER, S. The Blackwell Guide to Descartes’ Meditations. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006. p. 17-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470776476.ch2
LEWIS, D. On the Plurality of Worlds. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1986.
MARX, K. Critique of Hegel’s ‘Philosophy of Right’. Trans. A. Jolin and J. O’Malley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
MOREIRA, F. G. A. The Politics of Metaphysics. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12346-7
NEWMAN, L. Descartes’ Epistemology. In: ZALTA, E. N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. [S. l.: s. n.], Spring 2019. Available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/descartes-epistemology. Access: February 25, 2025.
NIETZSCHE, F. Beyond Good and Evil. Trans. J. Norman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511812033
PAUL, E. S. Cartesian Intuition. British Journal for the History of Philosophy, v. 31, n. 4, p. 693-723, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2022.2142197
PORCHAT, O. Rumo ao Ceticismo. São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2007
QUINE, W. V. O. From a Logical Point of View. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1953.
REINHOLD, K. L. Essay on a New Theory of the Human Capacity for Representation. Trans. T. Mehigan and B. Empson. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2013.
RORTY, R. Philosophy and Social Hope. New York: Penguin Books, 1999.
RYLE, G. The Concept of Mind. London: Routledge, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203875858
SELLARS, W. Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.
SMITH, P.J. Uma Visão Cética do Mundo: Porchat e a Filosofia. São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2017.
SPINOZA, B. Theological-Political Treatise.. Trans. M. Silverthorne and J. Israel. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007.
WILLIAMS, B. Descartes: The Project of Pure Enquiry. London: Routledge, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203002612
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Veritas (Porto Alegre)

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.