The relation of specific phobias with anxiety, impulsivity and depression

An exploratory study

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2023.1.37366

Keywords:

phobias, anxiety, depression, impulsiveness, evolutionary psychology

Abstract

A specific phobiais an unrealistic or extreme fear of a specific situation, object, or setting. Initial theories regarding the acquisition of specific phobias favored a fear conditioning-based explanation. The present article quantified fears with higher and lower off ensive potential for the human species in a sample of 148 students with an average age of 21,5 years (DP = 2,6). It In addition to statistically significant differences between the two categories of fear, there was a correlation of fears of lower off ensive potential for humans with anxiety and depression, stress and impulsivity. This work may help to elucidate issues related to the incidence of certain phobias.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Silvio José Lemos Vasconcellos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

Doutor em Psicologia pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRSG), em Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Mestre em Ciências Criminais pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul na Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Professor Adjunto III da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), nos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em Psicologia, em Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

Andressa Rocha da Cas1, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

Psicóloga formada pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), em Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Mestre em Psicologia pela mesma instituição.

Stephane Mossmann Ferreira, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

Graduada em Psicologia pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), em Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Psicóloga Residente do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM), em Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

Juliana Thais Schneider, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

Psicóloga graduada pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), em Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Cursa especialização em Terapias Cognitivo-Comportamentais pela Wainer Psicologia.

Carolina Bevilacqua Vedoin, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

Psicóloga graduada pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), em Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Pós-graduanda em Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental pela Comportalmente.

Thamires Pereira Barbosa, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

Mestre em Psicologia pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), em Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Psicóloga graduada pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), em Rio Grande, RS, Brasil. Doutoranda em Psicologia pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), em Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

References

Ahs, F., Rosén, J., J. Kastrati, G., Fredrikson, M., Agren, T., &Lundström, J. N. (2018). Biological preparedness and resistance to extinction of skin conductance responses conditioned to fear relevant animal pictures: A systematic review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 95, 430-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.017

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Author. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

Atlas da Saúde. (2019). Lista de fobias. https://www.atlasdasaude.pt/lista-de-fobias?title=&body_value=&page=1

Barratt, E. S. (1959). Anxiety and impulsiveness related topsyc homotor efficiency. Percept Mot Skills, 9(2), 191-198. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1959.9.3.191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1959.9.3.191

Craske, M. G. & Stein M. (2016). Anxiety. The Lancet, 388(10063), 3048-3059. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30381-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30381-6

Cservenka, A., & Ray, L. A. (2017). Self-reported attention a land motor impulsivity are related to age at first methamphetamine use. Journal Addictive behaviours, 65, 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.09.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.09.008

Eaton, W. W., Bienvenu, O. J., & Miloyan, B. (2018). Specific phobias. The lancet. Psychiatry, 5(8), 678-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30169-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30169-X

Field, A. (2009). Descobrindo a estatística usando o SPSS. Artmed.

Hur, J., Iordan, A. D., Berenbaum, H., & Dolcos, F. (2016). Emotion–attention interactions in fear conditioning: Moderation by executive load, neuroticism, and awareness. Biological Psychology, 121, 213-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.10.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.10.007

Klan T., Persike M., & Hiller W. Therapeut enbegleitete und patientengeleitete Exposition bei Panikstörungmit Agoraphobie. Zeitschrift Fur Klinische Psychologie Und Psychotherapi, 45(1), 36-48. https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000348 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000348

Lange, I., Goossens, L., Bakker, J., Michielse, S., Marcelis, M., Wichers, M., Os, J., Amelsvoort, T., & Schruers, K. (2019). Functional neuroimaging of associative learning and generalization in specific phobia. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 89, 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.09.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.09.008

Lipp, O. V., Kempnich, C., Jee, S. H., & Arnold, D. H. (2014). Fear Conditioning to Subliminal Fear Relevantand Non Fear Relevant Stimuli. PLOS ONE, 9(9), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099332 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099332

Lovibond, P. F., &Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbp.2012.05.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U

Magee, W. J., Eaton, W. W., Wittchen, H. U., McGonagle, K. A., & Kessler, R. C. (1996). Agoraphobia, simplephobia, and social phobia in the national comorbidity survey. Archivesof General Psychiatry, 53, 159-168. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830020077009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830020077009

Malloy-Diniz, L. F., Mattos, P., Leite, W. B., Abreu, N., Coutinho, G., de Paula, J. J., Tavares, H., Vasconcelos, A. G., & Fuentes, D. (2010). Tradução e adaptação cultural da Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) para aplicação em adultos brasileiros. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 59(2), 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0047-20852010000200004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0047-20852010000200004

Marstaller, L., Burianová, H., & Reutens, D. C. (2016). Dynamic competition between large-scale functional networks differentiates fear conditioning and extinction in humans. Neuro Image, 134, 314-319. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27079532 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.008

Méndez-Bértolo, C., Moratti, S., Toledano, R., Lopez-Sosa, F., Martínez-Alvarez, R., Mah, Y. H. ... Strange, B. A. (2016). A fast pathway for fear in human amygdala. Nature Neuroscience, 19(8), 1041-1049. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4324 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4324

Meyerbröker, K., Morina, N., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2018). Enhancement of exposure therapy in participants with specific phobia: A randomized controlled trial comparing yohimbine, propranolol and placebo. JournalofAnxietyDisorders, 57, 48-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.05.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.05.001

Sancassiani, F., Romano, F., Balestrieri, M., Caraci, F., Di Sciascio, G., Drago, F. … Carta, M. G. (2019). The Prevalence of Specific Phobia by Age in an Italian Nationwide Survey: How Much Does it Affect the Quality of Life? Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health, 15, 30-37. https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901915010030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901915010030

Santana E. M., Viana, J. C., & Soares, A. B. (2018). Desafios para avaliação da atividade cortical de indivíduos com sintomas de aracnofobia. Anais do V Congresso Brasileiro de Eletromiografia e Cinesiologia e X Simpósio de Engenharia Biomédica. https://doi.org/10.29327/cobecseb.78927 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29327/cobecseb.78927

Stefanescu, M. R, Endres, R. J., Hilbert, K., Wittchen, H. U.,& Ulrike Lueken, U. (2018). Networks of phobic fear: Functional connectivity shifts in two subtypes of specific phobia. Neuroscience Letters,662, 167-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.031

Teismann, T., Brailovskaia, J., Totzeck, C., Wannemüller, A., & Margraf, J. (2018). Predictors of remission from panic disorder, agoraphobia and specific phobia in out patients receiving exposure therapy: The importance of positive mental health. Behaviour Researchand Therapy, 108, 40-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.06.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.06.006

Van Houtem, C. M., Laine, M. L., Boomsma, D. I., Ligthart, L., van Wijk, A. J., & De Jongh, A. (2013). A review and meta-analysis of the heritability of specific phobias subtypes and corresponding fears. J. AnxietyDisord., 27, 379-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.04.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.04.007

Vasconcellos, S. J. L. (2005). A Mente entre aberta: reflexões sobre o que a psicologia científica anda pensando sobre o nosso pensar. Ciência Moderna.

Vignola, R. C. B., & Tucci, A. M. (2014). Adaptation and validation of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) to Brazilian portuguese. Journal of affective disorders, 155, 104-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.031

Vries, Y. A., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., Borges, G., Bruffaerts, R., Bunting, B., Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M., Cia, A. H., Girolamo, G., Dinolova, R. V., Esan, O., Florescu, S., Gureje, O., Haro, J. M., Hu, C., Karam, E. G., Karam, A., Kawakami, N., Kiejna, A., … Jonge, P. (2019). Childhood generalized specific phobia as an early marker of internalizing psychopathology across the life span: results from the World Mental Health Surveys. BMC Med, 17, 101. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1328-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1328-3

Wardenaar, K., Lim, C. C. W., Al-Hamzawi, A. O., Alonso, J., Laura H. Andrade, L. H., Benjet, C. ... Jonge, P. (2017). The cross-national epidemiology of specific phobia in the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med., 47(10), 1744-1760. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717000174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717000174

Weierich, M. R., & Treat, T. A. (2015). Mechanisms of visual threat detection in specific phobia. Cogn Emot, 29(6), 992-1006. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2014.960369 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2014.960369

Witthauer, C., Ajdacic-Gross, V., Meyer, A. H., Vollenweider, P., Waeber, G., Preisig, M., & Liebl, R. (2016). Associations of specific phobia and its subtypes with physical diseases: an adult community study. BMC Psychiatry, 16(155), 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0863-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0863-0

Zsidó, A. N. (2018). Exploring the effects of threatening stimuli on visual search performance using different experimental designs [Doctoral PhD dissertation, Doctoral Schoolof Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs]. https://pea.lib.pte.hu/handle/pea/15

Zsido, A. N., Arato, N., Inhof, O., Janszky, J., & Darnai, G. (2018). Short versions of two specific phobia measures: The snake and the spider questionnaires. Journal of Anxiety Disorders,54, 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.12.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.12.002

Downloads

Published

2023-04-18

How to Cite

Lemos Vasconcellos, S. J., Rocha da Cas1, A., Mossmann Ferreira, S., Schneider, J. T., Bevilacqua Vedoin, C., & Pereira Barbosa, T. (2023). The relation of specific phobias with anxiety, impulsivity and depression: An exploratory study. Psico, 54(1), e37366. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2023.1.37366

Issue

Vol. 54 No. 1 (2023): Single Volume - Continuous Flow of Publication

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Psico

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright

The submission of originals to Psico implies the transfer by the authors of the right for publication. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. If the authors wish to include the same data into another publication, they must cite Psico as the site of original publication.

Creative Commons License

Except where otherwise specified, material published in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which allows unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is correctly cited.