Agressividade e psicopatia

um estudo comparativo entre detentos e adolescentes

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2023.1.36512

Palavras-chave:

Detentos, Agressividade, Comportamento antissocial, Traços de Personalidade, Avaliação Psicológica

Resumo

A agressividade e a psicopatia estão relacionadas com o funcionamento do córtex pré-frontal, cuja maturação leva aproximadamente 21 anos. Assim, objetivou-se identificar a existência de diferenças entre um grupo de adolescentes, com no máximo 20 anos de idade, e um grupo de detentos no tocante ao nível de agressividade e psicopatia. Para tanto, contou-se com a participação de 48 detentos do sexo masculino, com idade média de 34,6 (DP = 8,68) e 48 adolescentes do sexo masculino, com idade média de 17,75 (DP = 1,15). Os participantes responderam ao Questionário de Agressão de Buss-Perry, a Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy scale – LSRS e o um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados dos testes Mann-Whitney e teste t de student indicaram a existência de diferenças significativas apenas para a psicopatia secundária, sendo mais característica em adolescentes. Os achados foram discutidos como base no desenvolvimento do Córtex Pré-Frontal nos construtos avaliados.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Germano Gabriel Lima Esteves, Universidade de Rio Verde (UniRV), Rio Verde, GO, Brasil.

Doutor em Psicologia Social do Trabalho e das Organizações pela Universidade de Brasília (PSTO-UnB), em Brasília, DF, Brasil. Professor Adjunto III na Universidade de Rio Verde (UniRV), em Rio Verde, GO, Brasil.

Márcio Braga de Melo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Mestre em psicobiologia (UNIFESP), em São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Doutorando em psicobiologia na mesma instituição.

Emanuel Duarte de Almeida Cordeiro, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), PE, Recife, PE, Brasil.

Mestre em Psicologia Cognitiva pela Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), em Recife, PE, Brasil. Doutorando em psicologia cognitiva na mesma
instituição.

Referências

Baskin-Sommers, A. R., Brazil, I. A., Ryan, J., Kohlenberg, N. J., Neumann, C. S., & Newman, J. P. (2015). Mapping the association of global executive functioning onto diverse measures of psychopathic traits. Personal Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 6(4), 336-346. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000125 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000125

Book, A., Visser, B. A., & Volk, A. A. (2015). Unpacking “evil”: Claiming the core of the dark triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 73, 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.016

Bowman, M. A., Prelow, H. M., & Weaver, S. R. (2007). Parenting behaviors, association with deviant peers, and delinquency in African American adolescents: A mediated-moderation model. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36(4), 517-527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9117-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9117-7

Brasil. (1988). Constituição Federal. Lex, 1988.

Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 452-459. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452

Carlson, N. R. (2013). Physiology of behavior (11. ed.). Pearson.

Cauffman, E., Skeem, J., Dmitrieva, J., & Cavanagh, C. (2016). Comparing the stability of psychopathyscores in adolescents versus adults: How often is “Fledgling Psychopathy” misdiagnosed? Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 22(1), 77-91 https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000078

Cavalcanti, J. G., & Pimentel, C. E. (2016). Personality and aggression: A contribution of the General Aggression Model. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 33(3), 443-451. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752016000300008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752016000300008

Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112: 155-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155

Crick, N. R., Werner, N. E., Casas, J. F., O’brein, K. M., Nelson, D. A., Grotpeter, J. K., & Markon, C. (1999). Childhood aggression and gender: A new look at an old problem. In Berstein, D. (Ed.), The Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (pp. 75-141, v. 45). University of Nebraska Press.

DeLisi, M., Piquero, A. R., & Cardwell, S. M. (2014). The unpredictability of Murder: Juvenile Homicide in the Pathways to Desistance Study. Youth violence and juvenile justice, 14(1), 26-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204014551805 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204014551805

DeMatteo, D., & Marczyk, G. (2005). Risk factors, protective factors, and the prevention of antisocial behavior among juveniles. In K. Heilbrun, N. E. S. Goldstein, & R. E. Redding, Juvenile delinquency: Prevention, assessment, and intervention (pp. 19-44). Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195160079.003.0002

DMF/CNJ. (2018). Relatório Projetos DMF. Conselho Nacional de Justiça, Brasília.

De Almeida, R. M. M., Trentini, L. B., Klein, L. A., Macuglia, G. R., Hammer, C., & Tesmmer, M. (2014). Uso de álcool, drogas, níveis de impulsividade e agressividade em adolescentes do Rio Grande do Sul. PSICO, 45(1), 65- 72. https://doi.org/10.15448/19808623.2014.1.12727 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2014.1.12727

Esteves, G. G. L., Barros, B. N. R., Souza, G. H. S., & Coelho, J. A. P. M. (2018). Caracterização de Fatores de Risco para o Comportamento Criminal em Detentos. Psico-USF, 23(4), 719-730. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712018230411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712018230411

Evans, B. (2020). Winning the Campaign: State Trends in Fighting the Treatment of Children As Adults in the Criminal Justice System (2018-2020). Campaign for Youth Justice.

Farrington, D. P., & Loeber, R. (2000). Epidemiology of juvenile violence. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 9(4), 733-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1056-4993(18)30089-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1056-4993(18)30089-0

Fishbein, D. H., & Paschall, M. J. (2002). Executive cognitive function and agression: a public health perspective. Agression and Violent Behavior, 7(3), 215-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(00)00044-6

Gao, Y., & Raine, A. (2010). Successful and unsuccessful psychopaths: a neurobiological model. Behavioral Sciences: The Law, 28(2): 194-210. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.924 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.924

Gard, A. M., Dotterer, H. L., & Hyde, L. W. (2019). Genetic influences on antisocial behavior: Recent advances and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 27, 46-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.07.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.07.013

Gouveia, V. V., Chaves, C. M. C. M., Peregrino, R. R., Branco, A. O. C., & Gonçalves, M. P. (2006). Medindo componentes da agressão: o questionário de Buss-Perry. Arquivos brasileiros de psicologia, 60(3), 92-103. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2290/229017563010.pdf

Granvald, V., & Marciszko, C. (2015). Relations between Key Executive Functions and Aggression in Childhood. Child Neuropsychology, 22(5), 537-555. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2015.1018152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2015.1018152

Fair, H. & Walmsley, R. (2022). Word Prison Population List (13. ed.). Victoria Charity.

Hancock, M., Tapscott, J. L., & Hoaken, P. N. (2010). Role of executive dysfunction in predicting frequency and severity of violence. Aggressive Behavior, 36(5), 338-349. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20353 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20353

Hare, R.D. (2011). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised. Multi-Health Systems. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t04993-000

Hauck-Filho, N., & Teixeira, M. A. P. (2014). Revisiting the psychometric properties of the Levenson self-report psychopathy scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96(4), 459-464. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.865196 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.865196

Heinz, A. J., Beck, A., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Sterzer, P., & Heinz, A. (2017). Cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms of alcohol-related aggression. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12(7), 400-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3042 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3042

Huss, M. T. (2011). Psicologia Forense: Pesquisa, prática clínica e aplicações. Artmed.

IPEA. (2011). SIPS. Sistema de Indicadores de Percepção Social. Segurança Pública. Acessado em 30 mar. 2019, de http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/images/stories/PDFs/SIPS/120705_sips_segurancapublica.pdf

Lent, R. (2010). Cem bilhões de neurônios? Conceitos fundamentais de nerurociência (2. ed.). Atheneu.

Levenson, M. R., Kiehl, K. A., & Fitzpatrick, C. M. (1995). Assessing psychopathic attributes in a noninstitutionalized population. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(1), 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.1.151 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.1.151

Liu J. (2011). Early health risk factors for violence: Conceptualization, evidence, and implications. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(1), 63-73. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.avb.2010.12.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2010.12.003

Loeber, R., & Farrington, D. P. (2000). Young children who commit crime: Epidemiology, developmental origins, risk factors, early interventions, and policy implications. Development and Psychopathology, 12(4), 737-762. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004107 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400004107

Long, K., Felton, J. W., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Lejuez, C. W. (2014). The role of emotion regulation in the relations between psychopathy factors and impulsive and premeditated aggression. Personal Disorder, 5(4), 390-396. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000085 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000085

Nardi, F. L., Hauck Filho, N., & Dellaglio, D. D. (2016). Preditores do comportamento antissocial em adolescentes. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 32(1), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-37722016011651063070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-37722016011651063070

O’Toole, S. E., Tsermentseli, S., Humayun, S., & Monks, C. P. (2018). Cool and hot executive functions at 5 years old as predictors of physical and relational aggression between 5 and 6 years old. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 43(2), 157-165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025418798498 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025418798498

Paschall, M. J., & Fishbein, D. H. (2002). Executive cognitive functioning and aggression: A public health perspective. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7(3), 215-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(00)00044-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(00)00044-6

Patrick, C. J. (2007). Getting to the heart of psychopathy. In H. Herv & J. C. Yuille (Eds.), The psychopath: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 207-252). Erlbaum Publishers. Patrick, C. J., Fowles, D. C., & Krueger, R. F. (2009). Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: Developmental origins of disinhibition, boldness, and meanness. Development and Psychopathology, 21(3), 913-938. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409000492 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409000492

Pestana, M. H., & Gageiro, J. (2008). Análise de dados para Ciências Sociais: a complementaridade do SPSS (5. ed.). Edições Silabo.

Raine, A. (2013). The Anatomy of Violence: the Biological Roots of Crime. Pantheon Books. Richter, S., Gorny, X., Marco-Pallares, J., Kramer, U. M., Machts, J., Barman, A., Bernstein, H. J., Gundelfinger, E. D., Duzel, E., Munte, T.F., Seidenbecher, C. I., & Schott, B. H. (2011). A Potential Role for a Genetic Variation of AKAP5 in Human Aggression and Anger Control. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5 (175). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00175

Sadeh, N., & Verona, E. (2008). Psychopathic personality traits associated with abnormal selective attention and impaired cognitive control. Neuropsychology, 22, 669-680. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012692 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012692

Sacco, A. M. (2017). Medidas Implícitas. In B. F., Damásio, & J. C. Borsa (Eds.), Manual de desenvolvimento de instrumentos psicológicos (pp. 173-194). Vetor.

Siegel, A., & Victoroff, J. (2009). Understanding human aggression: New insights from neuroscience. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 32(4), 209-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.06.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.06.001

Silva, R. A., Cardoso, T. A., Jansen, K., Souza, L. D. M., Godoy, R. V., Cruzeiro, A. L. S., Horta, B. L., & Pinheiro, R. T. (2012). Bullying and associated factors in adolescents aged 11 to 15 years. Trends Psychiatry Psychotherapy, 34(1), 19-24. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-60892012000100005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-60892012000100005

Teffer, K., & Semendeferi, K. (2012). Human prefrontal cortex: evolution, development, and pathology. Progress in Brain Research, 195, 191-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53860-4.00009-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53860-4.00009-X

Thomson, N. D., & Centifanti, L. C. M. (2017). Proactive and Reactive Aggression Subgroups in Typically Developing Children: The Role of Executive Functioning, Psychophysiology, and Psychopathy. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 49(2), 197-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-017-0741-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-017-0741-0

Downloads

Publicado

2023-08-14

Como Citar

Esteves, G. G. L., de Melo, M. B., & Cordeiro, E. D. de A. (2023). Agressividade e psicopatia: um estudo comparativo entre detentos e adolescentes. Psico, 54(1), e36512. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2023.1.36512